Browse by: "R"
Index
Title Index
Year Index
Korean families are changing fast. While birth rates remain low, Koreans are marrying and starting a family later than ever before, if at all. Couple-with-children households, the dominant household type in Korea until recently, will soon make up fewer than one quarter of all households. These changes will have a profound effect on Korea’s future. Among other things, the Korean labour force is set to decline by about 2.5 million workers by 2040, with potential major implications for economic performance and the sustainability of public finances. Since the early 2000s, public policy has changed to help parents reconcile work and family commitments: Korea has developed a comprehensive formal day-care and kindergarten system with enrolment rates that are now on par with the Nordic countries. Korea also has one year of paid parental leave for both parents, but only about 25% of mothers and 5% of fathers use it, as workplace cultures are often not conducive to parents, especially fathers, taking leave. Cultural change will take time, but this review suggests there also is a need for additional labour market, education and social policy reform to help Koreans achieve both work and family aspirations, and contribute to the rejuvenation of Korean society.
Pay transparency policies are gaining momentum throughout the OECD. Over half of OECD countries require private sector firms to report their gender pay gap statistics regularly to stakeholders like employees, employee representatives, the government, and/or the public. Gender pay gap reporting, equal pay audits and other pay transparency policies help advance gender equality at the workplace, as these measures present up-to-date information on a firm’s gender pay gap, encourage employers to offer equal pay for work of equal value, and give individual workers and their representatives valuable insights to fight for pay equity. This report presents the most thorough stocktaking to date of gender pay gap reporting policies and evaluations across OECD countries, and offers guidance to countries interested in introducing, reforming and monitoring their pay transparency systems to promote equal pay for women and men.
Over the last decades, and in line with the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, cities and regions have played an important part in helping to implement global agendas at local level through their Decentralised Development Cooperation (DDC) activities. This report analyses the evolution of financial flows, emerging trends and innovative paradigms related to the development co-operation of local and regional governments, including but not limited to official development assistance extended by sub-national governments. It promotes a territorial approach to development co-operation and provides policy recommendations to maximise the effectiveness, benefits and outcomes of DDC at all levels, while acknowledging the diversity of approaches, definitions and concepts across OECD DAC countries active in DDC.
The deep and rapid changes in the world of work driven by the digital and green transformations as well as population ageing have been associated with greater job instability, with potential costs for companies, workers and society. The unprecedented labour and skill shortages that emerged during the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic have raised further the importance of developing and retaining talent. In the context of a more age-diverse workforce, addressing this challenge will require better working conditions, greater investments in training and tackling difficulties in reconciling work with health issues and caring responsibilities. This report presents evidence on recent trends in job tenure and employee turnover, how they have changed due to the COVID-19 shock and sheds light on why employees quit their jobs. It identifies key employer and public policies that can support increased employment retention through better job quality, health at the workplace, and training and skills.
Health systems are under intense pressure to adapt to evolving needs and megatrends driven by population ageing, digitalisation, and climate change. They also need to be better prepared to withstand sudden, large-scale shocks such as pandemics, financial crises, natural disasters, or cyberattacks. This shifting policy context and emerging challenges called for a revision in how OECD countries assess health system performance, to help ensure that health systems meet people’s health needs and preferences while providing quality healthcare for all. This document presents the OECD’s renewed health system performance assessment framework. It incorporates new performance dimensions, notably people-centredness, resilience, and environmental sustainability, and places increased emphasis on addressing inequalities, including those related to gender. This framework expands on existing OECD efforts in these domains and integrates the most recent advancements in health system performance assessment. By offering common definitions and fostering a shared understanding among policy makers, stakeholders and organisations, the updated framework will enhance international collaboration. Furthermore, it lays the foundation for developing future indicators, facilitating data collection, policy analysis, and the integration of knowledge.
Return migration has emerged as a critical policy concern for both destination and origin countries. While policy attention in destination countries has been focused on assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) programs, particularly for migrants with expulsion orders, these efforts represent only a fraction of broader return movements. This report, based on a project carried out by the OECD with support from the German Corporation for International Co-operation (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH – GIZ), commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, analyses the scope and characteristics of different categories of return migration.
The report draws on three workshops, held in Tunis, Rabat and Brussels, that discussed return migration in different contexts. It examines the multiple factors that influence migrants' decisions to return to their countries of origin and their reintegration at home, including the role of family and community. The report emphasises the pre-existing structures and networks of returning migrants in origin countries and their role in supporting different types of return migrants. The report also looks at potential re-migration.
This report presents the OECD's assessment of recent developments in Israel in the area of labour market and social policy. It focuses on recent trends in poverty and employment outcomes and policy development to improve employment opportunities, especially for the Arab and Haredi communities.
This report presents the latest information on the nature and scope of the refugee crisis as well as the policy response in OECD countries. The latter covers information on the entry and stay conditions for Ukrainian nationals as well as information on the reception support available in terms of housing, subsistence means, and access to social services and to integration measures.
Illicit trade in counterfeit goods causes economic damage by reducing sales and profits as well as innovation incentives in legitimate industries. This study looks at damages caused by illicit trade in counterfeits to small and medium-sized enterprises. The robust evidence on the magnitude, scope and trends of this risk informs policy makers about the need to include anti-counterfeiting elements in policy packages designed to support SMEs.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Romania as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Romania as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-focused overview of the state of health and the healthcare system in Romania, as a part of the broader series of Country Health Profiles from the State of Health in the EU initiative. It presents a succinct analysis encompassing the following key aspects: the current health status in Romania; the determinants of health, focusing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the Romanian healthcare system; and an evaluation of the health system's effectiveness, accessibility, and resilience. Moreover, the 2023 edition presents a thematic section on the state of mental health and associated services in Romania.
This profile is the collaborative effort of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, carried out in cooperation with the European Commission.
Acest profil oferă o imagine de ansamblu concisă și axată pe politici a stării de sănătate și a sistemului de sănătate din România, ca parte a seriei mai ample de profiluri de sănătate de țară din cadrul inițiativei "Starea de sănătate în UE". Acesta prezintă o analiză succintă care cuprinde următoarele aspecte-cheie: starea actuală a sănătății în România; factorii determinanți ai sănătății, cu accent pe factorii de risc comportamentali; organizarea sistemului de sănătate din România; și o evaluare a eficacității, accesibilității și rezilienței sistemului de sănătate. În plus, ediția 2023 prezintă o secțiune tematică privind starea sănătății mintale și a serviciilor asociate în România.
Acest profil reprezintă efortul de colaborare al OCDE și al Observatorului European pentru Sisteme și Politici de Sănătate, realizat în cooperare cu Comisia Europeană.
Riikide vähiprofiilides tuuakse välja tugevad küljed, probleemid ja konkreetsed tegevusvaldkonnad kõigis 27 ELi liikmesriigis, Islandil ja Norras, et suunata Euroopa vähktõvevastase võitluse kava alusel investeeringuid ja sekkumisi ELi, riigi ja piirkonna tasandil. Iga riigi vähiprofiil sisaldab lühikest sünteesi: vähktõve koormusest riigis; vähktõve riskifaktoritest (keskendudes käitumis- ja keskkonnariskiteguritele); varajase avastamise programmidest; vähiravi tulemuslikkusest (keskendudes juurdepääsetavusele, tervishoiu kvaliteedile, kuludele ja COVID-19 mõjule vähiga seotud teenustele).
A rákügyi országprofilok a 27 uniós tagállam mindegyike, továbbá Izland és Norvégia tekintetében meghatározzák az erősségeket, a kihívásokat és a konkrét cselekvési területeket, hogy iránymutatást nyújtsanak az európai rákellenes terv keretében uniós, nemzeti és regionális szinten végrehajtandó beruházásokhoz és beavatkozásokhoz. Minden egyes ország rákprofilja összefoglalja : A rák betegségterhét az országban; A rák kockázati tényezőit (különös tekintettel a viselkedési és környezeti kockázati tényezőkre); A korai felismerési programokat; valamint egy kétévente váltakozó kiadványsorozatot (amely az egyik évben országonkénti rákprofilokból, a másik évben egy, az Európában a rákkal kapcsolatos egyenlőtlenségeket bemutató jelentésből áll).
Acest raport prezintă principalele constatări și concluzii ale analizei accesibilității energiei ca urmare a reformării schemelor majore de subvenționare energetică în Moldova. Cele trei mari scheme de sprijin guvernamental care reprezintă cea mai mare parte a subvențiilor pentru consumatorii de combustibili fosili din Moldova sunt cota redusă a taxei pe valoarea adăugată (TVA) pentru consumul de gaze naturale și scutirea de TVA pentru consumul de energie electrică și termică de către utilizatorii casnici. Cota standard a TVA-ului în Moldova este de 20%, însă TVA-ul pentru gazele consumate de gospodării este de 8%, iar pentru consumul de energie electrică și termică este de 0%. Stabilirea unei cote mai mici decât cea standard a TVA-ului pentru consumul de gaze, energie electrică și termică a generat subvenția.
Reformarea celor trei scheme de subvenționare energetică va implica o majorare a cotei TVA-ului, care va duce la o creștere ulterioară a tarifelor la gaz, electricitate și energie termică pentru gospodării. Această majorare a tarifelor va afecta nivelul consumului casnic și cheltuielile aferente, și va avea un impact asupra accesibilității la energie a gospodăriilor. Prin urmare, măsurile de reformă vor trebui să fie însoțite de o politică socială bine concepută care să protejeze gospodăriile sărace.
Accesibilitatea energiei este o preocupare politică esențială pentru factorii de decizie din Moldova. Obiectivul principal al acestei analize este de a informa guvernul Republicii Moldova cu privire la impactul fiscal, ecologic și, în special, social al reformării acestor subvenții și de a-l ajuta să ia decizii bine justificate.
Die Ausgabe von Renten auf einen Blick 2017 stellt die Rentenreformen in den Vordergrund, die von den OECD-Ländern in den letzten beiden Jahren durchgeführt wurden. Darüber hinaus befasst sich ein Sonderkapitel mit den Möglichkeiten für einen flexiblen Altersübergang in den OECD-Ländern und erörtert die diesbezüglichen Präferenzen der Menschen, die tatsächliche Inanspruchnahme der gebotenen Möglichkeiten sowie die Auswirkungen auf die Höhe der Leistungen.
In dieser Ausgabe werden ferner die Informationen zu den wichtigsten Kenndaten der Alterssicherung in den OECD-Ländern aktualisiert und Projektionen des Alterseinkommens der heutigen Arbeitskräfte erstellt. Sie enthält Indikatoren zum Aufbau der Alterssicherungssysteme, zu den Rentenansprüchen, zu den demografischen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen, in die die Alterssicherungssysteme eingebettet sind, zum Einkommen und zur Armut älterer Menschen, zur Finanzierung der Alterseinkommenssysteme und zur privaten Altersvorsorge.