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« Les femmes et l’entreprise 2014 » dresse un tableau des progrès accomplis dans le cadre du Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs OCDE-MENA depuis la parution du premier rapport « Les femmes et l’entreprise » en 2012. En 2012, cinq domaines d'actions ont été identifiés comme priorités à mettre en œuvre par les gouvernements, les parties prenantes internationales, les organisations financières et de soutien aux entreprises, ainsi que par les agences statistiques. En deux ans, le Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs a développé des contributions dans trois de ces domaines d'action prioritaires. Les contributions du Forum des Femmes Entrepreneurs sont à la mesure de sa reconnaissance croissante en tant que hub encourageant des améliorations concrètes du climat des affaires pour les femmes entrepreneurs dans la région MENA.
Plus que jamais, l’entrepreneuriat féminin constitue un volet essentiel des politiques de création d’emplois mises en place par les gouvernements de la région afin d’améliorer le bien-être d’une main-d’œuvre croissante et restaurer la confiance dans l’économie. Les perspectives économiques des pays de la région MENA ayant traversé une transition politique se sont améliorées, mais le chômage reste en hausse, l'inflation continue d’augmenter et les finances publiques de se détériorer. Dans ces pays, les incertitudes politiques s’ajoutent à des difficultés structurelles. Dans les pays du Conseil de coopération du Golfe (CCG), les défis restent encore liés à la diversification de leurs économies.
Ports and cities are historically strongly linked, but the link between port and city growth has become weaker. Economic benefits often spill over to other regions, whereas negative impacts are localised in the port-city. How can ports regain their role as drivers of urban economic growth and how can negative port impacts be mitigated? Those are the questions that this report aims to answer.
Regional development policy is a priority of Colombia’s government. The country has experienced sustained economic growth over the past decade; yet several territories still lack development opportunities. To promote growth in all regions the government has engaged in a series of reforms. For instance, it started allocating royalty payments generated by hydrocarbon resources to all departments and most municipalities, including those that are not endowed with natural resources. The reform also promotes better multilevel governance and represents a good policy practice for countries seeking to link natural resource development with regional development.
To support the current efforts of Colombia’s government, this report illustrates policy recommendations to help national authorities adopting a territorial approach to inclusive economic development. In particular, the OECD recommends to: a) improve the quantity and quality of regional statistics and formulate urban and rural taxonomies that help tailor policies to places; b) involve territorial constituencies in the design of policy interventions and allocate to them more implementation responsibilities within the framework of the National Development Plan; c) promote coordination among subnational bodies to scale up investment in territories to avoid that public investment – and royalty payments – gets dispersed in a myriad of small-scale projects.
This report examines Korea's urban policies and offers customised policy recommendations based on the OECD publication, Compact City Policies (2012). Some Korean policies, such as urban regeneration, new town development or multi-modal transfering centers, have implicitly implemented compact city polices to a certain degree. However, there are still issues - including urban sprawl, unbalanced socio-economic levels and environmental challenges - which can be threats to urban competitiveness. An appropriate set of compact city polices, such as environmental friendly urban regeneration, mixed land use, polices to offset the side effects of compact development, strong management of transport demands, and governance enforcement, can accelerate Korean cities' sustainable development.
This report looks at rural policy in Chile, examining the main trends in rural regions, policies and governance arrangements. It highlights the need to establish a national rural policy framework in Chile, in order to better coordinate the wide range of national policies and programmes currently targeting rural areas. It also investigates the evolving role of "rural" in development, highlighting the need to design rural policies in a strategic way so that complementarities with urban policy can be realised as the country develops.
Comment va la vie? La réponse peut dépendre selon la région où vous vivez. De nombreux facteurs qui influent sur le bien-être des personnes entrent en jeu au niveau local, par exemple : l’emploi, l’accès aux services de santé, la pollution et la sécurité publique. Les politiques publiques qui tiennent compte des réalités économiques et sociales dans lesquelles les personnes vivent et travaillent peuvent avoir un impact plus important sur l’amélioration du bien-être pour l’ensemble du pays.
Ce rapport dresse un tableau complet du bien-être dans 362 régions de l’OCDE à travers un examen des aspects les plus importants qui déterminent la vie des personnes : l’emploi, le revenu, le logement, la santé, l’accès aux services, l’environnement, la sécurité et l’engagement civique. Le rapport souligne que les disparités en matière de conditions matérielles et de qualité de vie sont souvent plus importantes entre régions d’un même pays qu’entre pays différents. Alors qu’en moyenne les gens sont plus riches, vivent plus longtemps et bénéficient d’une meilleure qualité de l’air qu’il y a quinze ans, de nombreux pays de l’OCDE ont vu s’accentuer l'écart entre leurs régions les plus performantes et les moins performantes.
Le rapport offre un cadre commun pour mesurer le bien-être au niveau régional ainsi que des lignes directrices pour aider tous les niveaux de gouvernement à utiliser les mesures du bien-être afin de mieux cibler les politiques publiques sur les besoins spécifiques de chaque communauté. Le rapport s’appuie sur une grande diversité d’expériences pratiques de régions et villes de l’OCDE.
Women in Business 2014 summarises the progress made by the OECD-MENA Women Business Forum (WBF) since the publication of its first Women in Business report in 2012. In 2012, five groups of actions had been identified as priorities to be carried out by governments, international stakeholders, financial and business support organisations, as well as statistical agencies. In two years, the WBF has developed inputs for three of these areas of priority actions. The WBF’s contributions are growing along with its increased recognition as a hub which spurs concrete improvements in the business climate for women entrepreneurs in the MENA region.
Today, women’s entrepreneurship is all the more important as governments in the region are facing the colossal challenge of rebooting job creation to improve the well-being of a growing workforce and confidence in the economy. The economic prospects of MENA economies that are going through a political transition have improved but unemployment has increased, inflation is rising and public finances have deteriorated. In these countries, political uncertainties add to long term structural difficulties. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, the challenges still lie in the diversification of their economies.
With the rising economic importance of human resources and skills, employment and training agencies are now often expected to play a more important role in local strategies to support new creation, facilitate restructuring and increase productivity. The OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme has developed an international cross-comparative study examining the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment and enhancing productivity. In Korea, the review has looked at the range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies, focusing on local strategies in the Bucheon and Busan regions.
How’s life? The answer can depend on the region in which you live. Many factors that influence people’s well-being are local issues, such as employment, access to health services, pollution and security. Policies that take into account regional differences beyond national averages can therefore have a greater impact on improving well-being for the country as a whole.
This report presents the OECD analytical framework for measuring well-being at the regional level, as well as internationally comparable indicators on 9 well-being dimensions for 362 regions across 34 OECD countries. It also sets out guidance for all levels of government in using well-being measures to better target policies at the specific needs of different communities. Drawing on a variety of practical experiences from OECD regions and cities, the report discusses methodological and political solutions for selecting regional well-being outcome indicators, monitoring the progress of regional well-being performance over time, and implementing a process of multi-stakeholder engagement to promote social change.
Regions and cities are on the front lines of many challenges faced by OECD countries today, from education and jobs to health care and quality of life. Getting regions and cities “right”, adapting policies to the specificities of where people live and work, is vital to improving citizens’ well-being. This second edition of the OECD Regional Outlook aims to help countries do just that. Part I describes the main trends and challenges today. Part II has a special focus on cities, looking at public investment, urban framework policies, and rural-urban issues. Part III presents a Policy Forum on the future of cities, with five contributions from distinguished authors and policy makers. Part IV offers profiles of regional development in all 34 OECD countries.
Alors que l'importance de l'économie créative continue de croître, de fortes synergies entre le tourisme et les industries créatives émergent offrant ainsi un potentiel considérable pour amplifier la demande touristique et développer de nouveaux produits, expériences et marchés. Ces nouveaux liens entrainent le passage d’un modèle classique de tourisme culturel vers de nouveaux modèles de tourisme créatif basés sur la culture immatérielle et la création contemporaine. Ce rapport fait des proposition pour l'élaboration de politiques efficaces dans ce domaine, en s’appuyant sur la relation de plus en plus forte entre tourisme et secteurs créatifs. A partir d’études de cas récentes, il étudie également comment renforcer et valoriser ces liens pour générer davantage de valeur ajoutée. Des politiques actives sont nécessaires pour que les pays, les régions et les villes bénéficient au maximum des synergies entre tourisme et créativité. Les principales questions politiques sont analysées.
How to stimulate growth and support job creation are two critical challenges that countries confront following the global financial crisis. The Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Programme of the OECD has developed international cross-comparative reviews on local job creation policies to examine the contribution of local labour market policy to boosting quality employment. Each country review examines the capacity of employment services and training providers to contribute to a long-term strategy which strengthens the resiliency of the local economy, increases skills levels and job quality. This report looks at the range of institutions and bodies involved in workforce and skills development in two states – California and Michigan. In-depth fieldwork focused on two local Workforce Investment Boards in each state: the Sacramento Employment and Training Agency (SETA); the Northern Rural and Training and Employment Consortium (NoRTEC); the Southeast Michigan Community Alliance (SEMCA); and the Great Lakes Bay Michigan Works. The report concludes with a number of recommendations and actions to promote job creation at the federal, state and local levels.
As the significance of the creative economy continues to grow, important synergies with tourism are emerging, offering considerable potential to grow demand and develop new products, experiences and markets.These new links are driving a shift from conventional models of cultural tourism to new models of creative tourism based on intangible culture and contemporary creativity. This report examines the growing relationship between the tourism and creative sectors to guide the development of effective policies in this area. Drawing on recent case studies, it considers how to strengthen these linkages and take advantage of the opportunities to generate added value. Active policies are needed so that countries, regions and cities can realise the potential benefits from linking tourism and creativity. Key policy issues are identified.
Fondée sur les données quantitatives et les éléments qualitatifs présentés dans l’édition 2011 du Panorama des régions de l’OCDE, l’analyse formulée dans les pages qui suivent révèle les limites, dans le contexte actuel, des politiques uniformes censées favoriser la croissance à l’échelle d’un pays entier. Elle postule qu’une démarche plus différenciée, tenant compte des spécificités des régions de l’OCDE, permettrait de mieux optimiser les synergies entre les différents pans de l’action publique et d’assurer une gestion aussi efficace que possible des investissements publics susceptibles de favoriser la croissance. Cette publication souligne le rôle central que les régions et les politiques régionales ont à jouer pour relancer l’emploi et permettre aux économies de l’OCDE de réaliser leur potentiel d’innovation. Elle analyse également la contribution respective des villes et des zones rurales à la lutte contre le changement climatique et à la transition des économies de l’OCDE vers une croissance verte.
This report delivers evidence-based and practical recommendations on how to better support employment and economic development in Canada. It builds on sub-national data analysis and consultations with local stakeholders in four case study areas across Ontario and Quebec. It provides a comparative framework to understand the role of the local level in contributing to more and better quality jobs. The report can help federal, provincial, local policy makers in Canada build effective and sustainable partnerships at the local level, which join-up efforts and achieve stronger outcomes across employment, training, and economic development policies. Co-ordinated policies can help workers find suitable jobs, while also stimulating entrepreneurship and productivity, which increases the quality of life and prosperity within a community as well as throughout the country.
Ce rapport se fonde sur l’analyse de données infranationales et sur la consultation de parties prenantes locales dans quatre régions d’étude et deux provinces. Il établit un cadre de comparaison permettant d’appréhender le rôle de l’échelon local en faveur d’emplois plus nombreux et de meilleure qualité. Il pourra aider les responsables des politiques fédérales, provinciales et locales au Canada à bâtir au niveau local des partenariats efficaces et pérennes, porteurs de synergies et de résultats plus solides du point de vue des mesures prises pour l’emploi, la formation et le développement économique. Des politiques coordonnées peuvent aider les travailleurs à trouver l’emploi qui leur convient tout en stimulant l’entrepreneuriat et la productivité, et aboutir ainsi à une meilleure qualité de vie et à plus de prospérité aussi bien au niveau local que, globalement, dans le pays.
This review looks at a range of institutions and bodies involved in employment and skills policies in the Czech Republic, focusing on local strategies on the Ústí nad Labem and South Moravian regions.
This publication is a result of the discussions from the OECD 8th Rural Development Policy Conference: "Innovation and modernising the rural economy" which took place in Krasnoyarsk, Russia on 3-5 October 2012. It provides an overview of the two themes of modernisation and innovation, focusing on identifying the attributes of the modern rural economy and showing how it differs from the traditional rural economy and from metropolitan economies. It also shows how rural innovation is a key driver of rural economic growth using patents as a measure.
The second part of the book consists of four chapters that offer evidence of rural regions’ potential to contribute to national economic growth. In addition, each provides useful context for Part I by outlining four different perspectives on the process of modernisation and innovation, and specifically, how they can take place in the rural territories of OECD countries. In each paper, the authors explore the opportunities and impediments to these twin processes and how government policy can help or hinder them.
The Dutch economy has been traditionally very competitive among OECD countries. The global financial crisis however has brought new challenges, especially during the second shock, from 2011 onwards. The government’s recovery plan, which includes various measures such as fiscal consolidation, stimulating innovation and sub-national government reform has an important territorial dimension. This review focuses on how sub-national institutions and development can help the Netherlands meet its challenges. In the short-term, factors such as the contribution of all regions, better use of resources, and more efficient provision of goods and services can help the recovery. In the long term, improving national competitiveness will largely depend on a strong performance of the polycentric city structure, which characterises the Netherlands. The key policy areas explored in this review include: the recently created top-sector innovation policy; decentralisation; and territorial reforms such as municipal and provincial re-scaling through mergers or co-operation.
This book focuses on the role of employment and training agencies in contributing to job creation and productivity in Northern Ireland. It explores how Northern Ireland is implementing labour market and skills policy and putting measures in place at the local level to stimulate quality employment, inclusion and growth.