This table presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics performed in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4. and by type of costs (current expenditure, capital expenditure).
Data at the industry level are presented from 2005, year when most of the countries converted their data from ISIC rev.3.1 to the current ISIC rev. 4 classification. This breakdown between industries is, in principle, made at the enterprise level, although some countries are able to break down R&D data for multi product enterprises between their main lines of business. National statistical regulations prevent publication of results where there are very few firms in the given category, hence the many gaps in the tables. Depending on the country, R&D institutes serving enterprises are either classified with the industry concerned, or grouped under “Research and Development” (ISIC rev.4, Division 72). When these R&D institutes are classified with the industry served, the evaluation of R&D in these industries is more accurate and more comparable between countries for the industries concerned. This results, however, in an underestimation of the percentage of BERD performed by the service sector as compared with other countries.
Business enterprise R-D expenditure by size class and by source of funds comprises statistics on research and development (R&D) expenditure performed in the business enterprise sector. Data include total business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D by size class and source of funds including funds from abroad, business enterprise, private non-profit, sub-total government. Data are presented from 1998 onwards.
This table presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics performed in the business enterprise sector by industry according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) revision 4. and by source of funds (business enterprise, government, other national funds, and funds from abroad).
Data at the industry level are presented from 2005, year when the first countries converted their data from ISIC rev.3.1 to the current ISIC rev. 4 classification. This breakdown between industries is, in principle, made at the enterprise level, although some countries are able to break down R&D data for multi product enterprises between their main lines of business. National statistical regulations prevent publication of results where there are very few firms in the given category, hence the many gaps in the tables. Depending on the country, R&D institutes serving enterprises are either classified with the industry concerned, or grouped under “Research and Development” (ISIC rev.4, Division 72). When these R&D institutes are classified with the industry served, the evaluation of R&D in these industries is more accurate and more comparable between countries for the industries concerned. This results, however, in an underestimation of the percentage of BERD performed by the service sector as compared with other countries.
The Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D includes statistics on Government appropriations or outlays of R&D by socio-economic objective (SEO), using the NABS 2007 classification i.e: exploration and exploitation of the earth, environment, exploration and exploitation of space, transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures, energy, industrial production and technology, health, agriculture, education, culture, recreation, religion and mass media, political and social systems, structures and processes, general advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF), General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from sources other than GUF, Defence. Data are presented from 1981 onwards and expressed in units of expenditure in million of national currency, million of dollars in constant prices as well as current prices.
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and type of cost presents research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics. Data include gross domestic R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by type of costs (current expenditures: labour costs, other current costs; and capital expenditures: land and buildings, and instruments and equipment). Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
This table contains research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics on gross domestic R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by field of science (natural sciences, engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, social sciences, and humanities). Data are covering the years 1981 to 2009.
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and socio-economic objective presents data on gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by socio-economic objective (SEO), using the NABS 2007 classification i.e.: exploration and exploitation of the earth, environment, exploration and exploitation of space, transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures, energy, Industrial production and technology, health, agriculture, education, culture, recreation, religion and mass media, political and social systems, structures and processes, general advancement of knowledge, and defence. Data are presented from 1981 onwards and measured by units for expenditure such as current prices, constant prices and PPP.
Gross domestic expenditure on R-D by sector of performance and source of funds contains research and development (R&D) expenditure statistics. Data include gross domestic R&D expenditure by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by source of funds (business enterprise, government - including public general university funds -, higher education, private non-profit and funds from abroad - including funds from enterprises and other funds from abroad). Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
The latest indicators and information on R&D tax incentives also feature on the dedicated OECD website Measuring R&D tax incentives , including the latest edition of OECD R&D tax incentive country profiles .
The R&D expenditure by sector of performance and type of R&D table comprises statistics on current domestic R&D and gross domestic R&D expenditures by sector of performance (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit, and total intramural) and by type of R&D within each sector (basic research, applied research, experimental development, non-specified, and total activity) as well as type of costs incurred (sub-totals current costs, total costs). Data are presented from 1981 onwards and are expressed in terms of units of expenditure such as million nationa currency, million dollars in constant prices as well as million dollars in current prices.
R-D personnel by sector of employment and field of science presents research and development (R&D) personnel statistics for total R&D personnel by sector of employment and field of science, in full-time equivalent on R&D; Researchers by sex, sector of employment and field of science, in full-time equivalent on R&D; Researchers by sex, sector of employment and field of science, in headcounts. Sectors of employment include business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit and total. Breakdown by field of science includes natural sciences, engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Data are presented from 1981 onwards and are expressed in terms of units for personnel with full-time equivalent on R&D activities as well as headcounts.
R-D personnel by sector of employment and occupation contain research and development (RD) personnel statistics. Number of R&D personnel is provided in both headcounts and full-time equivalent on RD by sex, sector of employment (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit) and by occupation (researchers, technicians and other support staff). Data are presented from 1981 onwards.
This table presents research and development (R&D) personnel statistics. Number of R&D personnel is provided in headcounts and/or full-time equivalent on R&D by sex, sector of employment (business enterprise, government, higher education, and private non-profit) and by formal qualification (university and other diplomas by ISCED classification).Data are presented from 1981 onwards.